Recidivism, And Its Potential Indicators Essay - 1320 Words

Recidivism, and its potential indicators, remains a phenomenon that criminological research is eager to investigate. This comes as no surprise considering approximately 60% of people undergoing a custodial sentence in Australia have already been imprisoned before (AIC 2011), as well as the estimate that crime costs Australia almost $36 billion a year (AIC 2011). Yet despite these staggering statistics, studies on recidivism are far and few between (Payne 2007, p.iii) and thus, more studies ought to be conducted to develop â€Å"strategies [that] target reducing offending† (Payne 2007, p.9). Moreover, of existing research, only an estimated 15% have looked into the relevance of mental health to recidivism (Payne 2007, p.53). This is in despite of the existing research suggesting a positive correlation between mental health issues and recidivism (Payne 2007, pg.97,xiii). Therefore, Professor Doe’s research will provide needed insight into recidivism, as well as its nexus with mental health. However, as it currently stands, this proposal is riddled with ethical dilemmas. Israel and Hay (2005) identified non-maleficence, confidentiality and informed consent as the primary ethical conundrums researchers face and this is reflected in Doe’s proposal. Notwithstanding the presence of these ethical concerns, this essay will argue that they can be mitigated by altering research procedures. Enacting the alterations would assist the proposal passing an ethics board and allow understandingShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Population Of Interest1242 Words   |  5 Pagesassessments fail to identify an individual’s level of adaptive functioning, and as mentioned earlier, the current diagnostic criteria emphasizes impaired adaptive functioning as a central feature of ID. Thus, investigations that solely reference IQ as an indicator of ID also need to include measures of adaptive functioning. Generalizing findings to the ID population cannot be made with any degree of co nfidence without adaptive functioning measures. Studying sexual offenders with ID requires even greaterRead MoreConstitutional Issue Of Vagrancy Law1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe vagrancy law, the law criminalizing people who live without visible means of support, has stayed controversial for a long time. The law is enacted for the purposes of preserving public order and preventing potential crimes, while it has come under constitutional attack due to its vagueness and failure to satisfy the elements of a crime: the vagrancy is vaguely defined and can be easily abused to arrest suspicious people merely based their appearance, and it punishes people because of their statusRead MoreThe Components Of The Evaluation Process1540 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving-attitudinal, and hostility measures from a group of offenders. However, when they investigated recidivism for DWI, no significant differences were found. Two sets of typologies were also found by Arstein-Kerslake and Peck (1985) by the use of psychometric variables Their profiles i ncluded personality, attitudinal scales, driving records, criminal records, and intake interviews. In their investigation for recidivism for DWI, there was significant differences among the clusters. Although such achievementsRead MoreEssay about Juvenile Recidivism3185 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: Recidivism or, habitual relapses into crime, has time and time again proven to be an issue among delinquents, which thereby increases the overall juvenile prison population. This issue has become more prevalent than what we realize. Unless a unit for measuring a juvenile’s risk of recidivism is enacted and used to determine a system to promote effective prevention, than the juvenile prison population will continue to increase. Our court system should not only focus on punishing theRead MoreRestorative and Restitutive Systems of Justice2146 Words   |  9 Pagesrests primarily outside the criminal justice system. Change possible Change toward a more restorative response to crime is guided by the following questions: * How can we increase opportunity for victim involvement in defining the harm and potential repair? * How can we increase offender awareness of injury to the victim and the community? * How can we encourage offender acknowledgment of the wrongness of the behavior? * How can we acknowledge the harm to the victim and confirm thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Brain Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tangible effects of incarceration on the brain and whether there are long-term side effects that could persist well after release. It is crucial to understand these negatives as the repercussions of ignorance could result in a severe rise in recidivism as well as permanent damage to the psyche of those sentenced to incarceration. While dedicated research on the subject of psychological damage as a result of imprisonment is surprisingly sparse there are a few articles that touch on the subjectRead MoreEyewitness Testimony On The Criminal Justice System3236 Words   |  13 Pagespractice. Although Although theoretically conferencing may be seen as a viable alternative for adolescents to court proceedings, and indeed some evidence suggests it reduces recidivism, it will ultimately be concluded that the success of restorative justice programs depends on more than just its ability to reduce recidivism, and thus it will not always provide a useful alternative to more traditional criminal justice approaches. The concept of restorative justice is difficult to define. BroadlyRead MoreTarget Goal : A Total Of 220 Clients981 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican. American Indians in New Mexico bear a disproportionate share of poor health status and disease. Of the 21 indicators in the 2012 Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Report Card, American Indians have the highest (worst) rates on 9 indicators. 1.8. Addressing Disparities: The proposed enhancements will improve participant outcomes by im-proving retention and reducing recidivism and will provide greater access to recovery supports for all clients, reducing any existing disparities in accessRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency in the United States1585 Words   |  6 Pagesaccording to Christopher Slobogin (2009), focus[es] on rehabilitation, adult retribution, diminished retribution, and individual prevention (the latter implemented through incapacitation, specific deterrence measures, and treatment targeted at reducing recidivism) (page 385). Whatever the reason for commission of crimes, the fact remains that more and more people are beginning their criminal careers at younger ages, perhaps even as early as seven or eight years old. It has been estimated that more than 1Read MoreShould We Be Mandatory Sentence Reduction?870 Words   |  4 PagesMandatory sentence reduction certainly is possible, by simply shifting the focus or scale of the tough on crime indicator when it comes to drugs. We have criminalized Americans for possessing drugs in the war and drugs while in the more egalitarian Europe society simple possession is not even a crime. This translates to America in terms of a potential reduction in sentence, tests, processing, and incarceration costs for all those people arrested and convicted in the war on drugs and which has acted

Target Canada for Fundamentals of Management-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTarget Canada for Fundamentals of Management. Answer: Introduction Different organizations come up with different projects to meet certain predetermined objectives. However, a project can meet or fail to meet its objectives depending on how it is carried out. Project failure can be as a result of avoidable or unavoidable circumstances (Bolland, 2017). Among the common factors that lead to project failure are, having a poorly defined project scope, lack of sufficient risk management strategies, ineffective project leadership, failure to track progress and requirements, underestimation of project complexities and lack of project documentation. A good example of a failed project in Canada is Target Canada Co. Canada Co is a Subsidiary of Target Corporation which is the second largest discount retailer in the United States of America established in the year 2011.The corporation opened its doors in Canada in 2013 Target Canada opened its first store in 2013, and by January 2015 it had approximately 133 stores in different locations. Despite having an aggressive expansion initiative Target Canada finally collapsed after recording a loss of up to $2.1 billion, was declared bankrupt and officially closed all its stores by April 2015 It has since been termed viewed as a case study of what retailers should not do upon entering new markets (Daft, 2017). What went wrong Target Canada failed to carry out sufficient market research before penetrating the Canadian market and also failed to offer Canadian consumers similar prices to those enjoyed by its American customers. Failure to study the Canadian Market Before entering a new market, businesses are required undertaking sufficient market research to identify the best business models that can work in those new markets. By taking a business model that has worked successfully the in the USA and transferring it to the Canadian market in Target corporation seemed to have underestimated the importance of the Canadian consumer to their success (Rowley, 2013). The retail took Canada as small American version in which they only needed to open stores with target logs and Customers would automatically come. It was a worse undoing for the retail store was transferring its American business model to Canada merely because it had succeeded in America. The store charged higher prices and did no avail variety of products for the Canadian consumers. The failed to give consumers a reason of shopping at their stores giving Wal-mart an opportunity to tap into huge consumer groups of Chinese and South Asians (Stephens,2013). Having an over-ambitious expansion plan Another undoing for the company had an over-ambitious plan in which they intended to achieve too much within a very short time. Despite being new in the Canadian Market, the retailer went ahead to open a record of 124 stores in barely ten months a move which they aimed would seal the gap that was left after the dissolution of Zellers (Kerzner Learning,2013). The retail store failed to consider the fact that some of the stores initially belonging to Zellers were located in areas not accessible by middle-class consumers. Despite having big expectations by entering the Canadian Market as displayed by the number of stores opened in a small duration the Target failed to attract customers through its offerings. Customers had many expectations of getting variety best quality products at rock bottom prices just as the American consumers, but it came as a shocker when the prices they were introduced to did not resonate with the American prices. The Retail outlet, therefore, failed to meet th e expectations of consumers in its new market segment. The over-ambitious expansion plan worked for the company in that it created supply problems due to having many stores, denied it an opportunity to offer a variety that was available in American stores and finally made it unable to compete in the competitive Canadian Market effectively (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson,2017). Failure to build strong relationships with the local communities The retail store also failed to recognize the important role played by local communities in the success of an organization and went ahead to foster ill-will immediately after entering the Canadian market (Heagney,2011). The retail entered the Canadian market just as Zellers was edging out of the market and thus went ahead to snatch most of the stores previously occupied by Zellers across Canada and laid off over 25000 employees who formerly worked for Zellers, and promised to hire them later.However, upon opening their stores, the retail store ignored the former Zellers and went ahead to hire new staff only hiring a mere 1% of the 25000 at entry pay level. The Retail also let go of the immediate staff without any prior notice. The impact of this move was the creation of ill- will with the immediate Zellers employees and the wider community as it was viewed to have treated the former employees unfairly (Elms,World Trade Organization., Temasek Foundation,2013). These undoings by the retail store led to its collapse barely a year after opening its doors in the Canadian Market. What it could have done Undertaking market research The retail should have taken time to undertake market research on the Canadian market before opening their branches. Market research is concerned with the identification of consumer needs and preferences (Thomsett, 2010). Market research would have enabled Target Canada identify existing gaps in the Canadian market and enabled it to understand the expectations of its current customers which would have informed the adoption of the appropriate business model to enable it deal with competitors such as Wal-Mart and Giant Tiger. Research would also have enabled it to understand the ideal location for setting up their locations (Lowe Graves,2016). Systematic market penetration Some of the challenges associated with supply and availability of a variety of goods for consumers were as a result of the overambitious expansion plan for the retail outlet. Being in a new market, the Company should have undertaken a systematic penetration by only opening a only a few stores instead of opening 133 stores in short span of time.This would have solved the problems associated with a shortage of supplies (McKenzie-Mohr,2011). Maintaining strong relationships with the community With the significant role played by communities, it would be suicidal for an organization to ignore them. The retail outlet would have retained most if not all former Zellers Employees and offer them fresh training if need be instead of terminating their employment contracts (Harned,2017). Conclusion In conclusion Target case can be summarized as the case of failure due to circumstances which could have been avoided. Among the cause of the failure of the retail chain, were the failure to undertake market research, having an over-ambitious plan, implementation of the wrong business model and failure to strengthen relationships with the local communities. Reference List Bolland, E. R. I. C. J. (2017). COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT. Place of publication not identified: EMERALD Group Publishing. Daft, R. L. (2017). Management. Boston, MA, USA ; Cengage Learning Elms, D. K., Low, P., World Trade Organization., Temasek Foundation. (2013). Global value chains in a changing world. Geneva : World Trade Organization Harned, B. (2017). Project Management for Humans. Rosenfeld Media. Rosenfeld Media Heagney, J. (2011). Fundamentals of Project Management. Amacom Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic management: Competitiveness et globalization : concepts and cases. Boston, MA Cengage Learning Kerzner, H. R., Learning, I. I. (2013). Project management - best practices: Achieving global excellence. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Lowe, G. S., Graves, F. (2016). Redesigning work: A blueprint for Canada's future well-being and prosperity. Toronto ; Buffalo ; London : University of Toronto Press McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2011). Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing. New York: New Society Publishers. Stephens, D. (2013). The retail revival: Reimagining business in the new age of consumerism. Toronto: J. Wiley Sons Canada. Rowley, L. (2013). On Target: How the world's hottest retailer hit a bullseye. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley Thomsett, M. C. (2010). The little black book of project management. New York: American Management Association.